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के बारे में ke baare mein : Biology
लेख का शीर्षक lekh ka sheershak: State the impact of loss of flora and fauna

State the impact of loss of flora and fauna

Answer:


Impact of loss of flora, fauna is the ecosystem is unbalanced with the loss of flora and fauna, food chain will be broken and survival of organisms in earth is difficult.

Direct impacts

Habitat loss

The consumption of land, and the consequent loss of natural habitat, is inherent in road development. Where new roads intersect habitat, the area occupied by the road itself, borrow pits, and quarries is subtracted from the total habitat area available to flora and fauna,

Habitat fragmentation

When a road cuts through an ecosystem, the sum of the two parts created by the cut is less than the value of the initial whole, even when the habitat loss is ignored. Ecosystems are characterized by complex, interdependent relations between component species and their physical environment, and the integrity of the ecosystem relies on the maintenance of those interactions. By slicing through habitat, roads affect an ecosystem’s stability and health. Roads tend to fragment an area into weaker ecological sub-units, thus making the whole more vulnerable to invasions and degradation. Nevertheless, roads and natural ecosystems can co-exist if the relationship is built on careful planning.

Corridor restrictions

Most animal species tend to follow established patterns in their daily and seasonal movements. The areas through which they travel on their way to and from feeding, breeding and birthing grounds, and between their seasonal ranges, are known as corridors. When a road intersects or blocks a wildlife corridor, the result is either cessation of use of the corridor because animals are reluctant to cross the road, an increase in mortality because of collisions with vehicles, or a delay in migration which may result in the weakening or disappearance of an entire generation of the population. Unfortunateely, some animals are attracted to roads for various reasons, including protection from predators, good food supplies, better travel conditions, and so forth.

Aquatic habitat damage

Road development has perhaps its most serious effects on aquatic ecosystems. Erosion from poorly constructed and rehabilitated sites can lead to downstream siltation, ruining spawning beds for fish. Constriction of flows at water

Indirect impacts

In many cases, indirect impacts are more damaging than direct ones, and their effects can be felt farther, sometimes several dozen kilometers, from the road. Where the road provides access to areas which were previously relatively untouched by human activities, the environmental assessment should take account of these frequently far-reaching effects. Some indirect impacts encountered commonly are:

Accessibility

Roads increase contact between humans and the natural environment, which in most cases leads to ecosystem modification. Penetration of previously unmodified areas makes them available for a host of human activities of varying effect, from recreation, forest and mineral exploitation to colonization and urbanization. Upgrading of existing roads generally facilitates an increase in the number of people having access and is accompanied by an increase in the likelihood of impacts. A classic example of the accessibility impact is the widespread land degradation occurring in Brazilian Amazonia, which has been induced in large part by road-building initiatives.

Ecological disequilibrium

The importation of new plant and animal species along the right-of-way can upset the dynamic balance which exists in ecosystems. Native species face competition for resources from new arrivals, and predator-prey relationships can be altered, often to the detriment of the native species. Non-native species can gain a competitive advantage because of a lack of natural controls and become dominant. The result is usually a simplified ecosystem which is more vulnerable to further impacts.

Contamination of the biota

The presence of motor vehicles introduces the potential for contamination of the soil, air, and water adjacent to the road, and in the case of surface water, well beyond the immediate surroundings. Chronic contamination can become a serious problem for animal species, especially those at the top of the food chain, because of bioaccumulation of pollutants.

Fires

Increases in human activity are often associated with more frequent incidents of fires, which can obviously have sudden, severe, and wideranging impacts.

Transmission of disease

Roads are effective vectors for the spread of diseases, which can have marked impacts on populations of plant and animal species. Carriers of diseases, both floral and faunal, can gain easy access to wilderness areas along new road corridors. Transportation of livestock and plant products, such as firewood, animal feed, and fruit, may also aid in spreading disease.

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तुम सिर्फ पढ़ा है tum sirph padha hai State the impact of loss of flora and fauna और इस लेख के बाद स्थायी शामिल करने के लिए उद्धृत किया जा सकता aur is lekh ke baad sthaayee shaamil karane ke lie uddhrt kiya ja sakata http://axaj.blogspot.com/2016/08/state-impact-of-loss-of-flora-and-fauna.html यह लेख एक साथी खोज नहीं है, तो yah lekh ek saathee khoj nahin hai, to Biology शायद नीचे लेख पाल मदद कर सकते हैं shaayad neeche lekh paal madad kar sakate hain.